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초록· 키워드
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Peasants cannot play an important role in Marx' general theory of capitalist development. They are doomed to disappear as a transitional intermediate class with the growth of the two major classes, capitalists and proletarians. However, the continued existence of the peasant class and the weakness of the workers' movements in Europe in the 19th century raised new questions that had not been dealt with in his general theories in appropriate way. Can the peasants be revolutionary during the period of their “transitional” existence? Is an alliance of the working class with the peasants possible against other “counter-revolutionary” forces?
With regard to these serious issues in the development of theories and practices of socialism, Marx finds a strong revolutionary potential of the peasant class in his analysis of the revolutionary situations in the mid-19th century Germany and France. The peasants could contribute to the cause of the working class in allying with the latter, first, against the feudal landlords in making bourgeois revolutions, and then against the bourgeoisie in preparation for socialist revolutions. They could also be very instrumental in the proletariat's seizure of power and its maintenance.
Despite this recognition of the revolutionary potential of the peasant class, however, the teleological implications in Marx's theory of historical development imposed certain basic restrictions in his evaluation of the nature and role of the peasantry. The peasants were understood by Marx as being able to be revolutionary from the viewpoint of their imminent transformation into the proletariat and as being led by the progressive force of the working class in the revolutionary situations. In other words, even though Marx saw a high degree of revolutionary potential in the peasants, the latter were approached by him not on the basis of a social composition equipped with its own developmental dynamics but from the ultimate standpoint of his historical materialism.
With regard to these serious issues in the development of theories and practices of socialism, Marx finds a strong revolutionary potential of the peasant class in his analysis of the revolutionary situations in the mid-19th century Germany and France. The peasants could contribute to the cause of the working class in allying with the latter, first, against the feudal landlords in making bourgeois revolutions, and then against the bourgeoisie in preparation for socialist revolutions. They could also be very instrumental in the proletariat's seizure of power and its maintenance.
Despite this recognition of the revolutionary potential of the peasant class, however, the teleological implications in Marx's theory of historical development imposed certain basic restrictions in his evaluation of the nature and role of the peasantry. The peasants were understood by Marx as being able to be revolutionary from the viewpoint of their imminent transformation into the proletariat and as being led by the progressive force of the working class in the revolutionary situations. In other words, even though Marx saw a high degree of revolutionary potential in the peasants, the latter were approached by him not on the basis of a social composition equipped with its own developmental dynamics but from the ultimate standpoint of his historical materialism.
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 자본주의 발달 일반에 있어서 농민층
Ⅲ. 사회혁명에 있어서 농민과 동맹 문제: 독일
Ⅳ. 사회혁명에 있어서 농민과 동맹 문제: 프랑스
Ⅴ. 토지 소유에 대한 사회주의 프로그램
Ⅵ. 맺음말
참고문헌
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